Why Religious People May Have Problems with Transplant Surgery :: Papers

Most Christians concur with transplant medical procedure anyway some are contradicted to transplant medical procedure. They can't help contradicting utilizing organs from dead individuals however acknowledge utilizing organs as gave by living family members. Jews have a comparative view to Christians on this issue. Muslims anyway are completely restricted to it a few Muslims do permit transplant medical procedure utilizing organs from a living benefactor as long as the giver is a nearby family member. A bigger number of Hindus are for transplant medical procedure than against and mostly will convey benefactor cards. Christians that are against transplant medical procedure accept that transplants can disregard the holiness of life, God made us in his picture so transplanting organs implies you meddling with what God expected and along these lines â€Å"playing God†. Organs can't be paid for since this is abusing poor people which is carefully prohibited in the Book of scriptures. Most of Muslims are against transplant medical procedure on the grounds that the Muslim confidence in the holiness of life implies that all life has a place with God and that God is the main on who has the option to take life. In the Qu’ran the Muslim holly book, it says that God has made the whole body so to take parts or organs from one body and transplant it into another is to go about as God. To go about as God is the best sin in Islam so you can perceive how most of transplant medical procedure is carefully prohibited. Just as this the Shari’ah another Muslim holly book encourages that after death nothing ought to be expelled from the body. They are additionally completely restricted to post-mortems. Muslims have quite certain demise ceremonies this is the reason this is critical and in this manner organs ought not be expelled from Muslims that have died. Due to Muslims being so contradicted to transplant medical procedure they would likewise concur with any none strict contentions against transplants. The couple of Jews, which are against transplant medical procedure, have comparative motivations to Muslim convictions. They likewise accept that we’ve God has made the whole body so to transplant organs is playing God.

Attitudes and Behaviors Essay

So let’s start by saying that mentalities have two primary segments those happen to be convictions and qualities. Convictions are articulations while values are decisions. With regards to influence an individual may have their own disposition and have it focus on so to talk onto someone else or a few others. We will in general utilize this every day for things that we need whether that be for ourselves or from others. With regards to congruity numerous people will change their practices to fit in with others that they include themselves with. This might imply that you could lose your own personality and become somebody totally not the same as whom you really are. With regards to predisposition we are totally wired to have decisions and preference ordinarily individuals will utilize this judgment and have a set demeanor on individuals, spots and things. No one but individuals can change their practices. Clinicians characterize perspectives as an educated propensity to see things in specific manners. This can incorporate individuals. Spots, issues and occasions that happen in a person’s life. Mentalities structure from the encounters that you experience, they could coordinate from individual encounters or from the perception of others. Mentalities can be learned in a few unique manners. Old style molding can affect your disposition to various items. Operant molding can likewise help in how perspectives are created. At the point when somebody you like has an alternate mentality your disposition more than likely will change to be equivalent to the next person. Scientists have reached the conviction and resolution that individuals act as per their perspectives under a great deal of conditions. Intellectual disharmony is the point at which an individual encounters, mental pressure brought about by clashes from contemplations and convictions in a person’s regular day to day existence whether that be from work, connections, cash issues. So as to recover control individuals regularly change their mentalities dependent on real practices. Mentalities can change simply like individuals can. You can turn your point of view around justâ like you can with numerous different things. Old style molding can make positive passionate responses. Operant molding can be utilized to reinforce perspectives and practices that you are missing or that are frail. Individuals can likewise perceive how pessimistic individuals act and conclude that they don’t like to be as such and that can radically change a person’s mind on how they think. Life occasions, for example, passing, disorder, relationship loses and other significant things can cause an individual to acknowledge what they have and what they should be appreciative for yet additionally can assist them with understanding their idea designs were off base and that they have to change that so as to have a superior life for themselves as well as the individuals that they partner themselves with. The hypothesis of influence says that individuals can adjust their own mentalities in two different ways. They can be inspired to tune in and to consider what is being said to them which can make them open up to various thoughts and contemplations or they could just be affected by acceptable constructive individuals that they are around every day. So as to change an individual s conduct you should change your point of view totally. http://www.examiner.com/article/inclination disposition and-partiality http://www.cios.org/reference book/influence/Aintroduction_4nature.htm http://psychology.about.com/od/socialinfluence/f/conformity.htm

How to Fly Safely With Claustrophobia

How to Fly Safely With Claustrophobia Phobias Print How to Fly Safely With Claustrophobia By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on September 29, 2019 Hero Images/Getty Images More in Phobias Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types If you need to fly with claustrophobia, you may be anxious about your trip. But flying with claustrophobia need not be a disaster. Carefully planning your trip can help you keep your phobia under control. Overview of Claustrophobia Choosing Your Flight Although you may be tempted to shop solely by price, it is important to learn the details about a particular airline, route, and specific flight. It may be worth paying more for a flight that meets your needs. Airline: At one time, the legacy airlines offered a full-service experience. The budget airlines trimmed the frills, providing cramped seating and few services in exchange for a cheap ticket. Today, this is no longer the case. Each airline is different, so visit the lines’ websites to determine current policies.Route: Some routes are common among business travelers, making those flights extremely crowded during the week. Others are more popular with vacationers, who often travel over the weekend. Some flights are actually segments of longer routes, which means that the plane you board may already be crowded with those who boarded at an early stop. Research the route you are considering to learn what to expect.Another consideration is whether you will need to change planes. Many city pairs require you to fly to a hub city and board a new plane to your final destination. Hub airports are generally more crowded than regional airports. If crowds trigger your claustrophobia, book a nons top flight or connect through a smaller city.Specific Flight: A quick web search can provide details on any specific flight. You can discover how crowded a flight normally is and its typical on-time ratio. Although there are no guarantees, learning these details in advance can help you choose the flight with the lowest chance of overbooking or delays.Choosing Your Seat: Which seat is best for you will depend on your unique needs. Many people with claustrophobia prefer to sit in an exit row, which provides additional leg room. Keep in mind that in order to sit here you must be reasonably physically fit and both willing and able to assist in an  emergency evacuation should anything occur.A window seat allows you to gaze outside and enjoy the view. Many people feel that this helps them to adjust their focus away from the crowded plane.Sitting on the aisle allows you to easily move around the airplane. Walking around provides a break and can help you manage your symptoms. It also provid es easier access to the restrooms, as well as to any comforting items you have in overhead storage. Preparing for Your Flight Visit Your Doctor: Several weeks before your flight, visit your doctor and therapist. Even if you do not normally take medications for your phobia, your doctor might want to prescribe a short-term anti-anxiety medication.?? Pay careful attention to any instructions, which might include starting the prescription a few days in advance or avoiding alcohol consumption.Learn Ways to Cope with Symptoms: Your therapist can teach you coping strategies to use in flight. Guided visualization, breathing exercises, and other techniques can be used while in your seat  and may help head off a panic attack.?? Practice any new techniques in advance, as they may take a while to feel natural.Be Up-To-Date on Airport Security: Airport security regulations seem to change on an almost daily basis. Visit the TSA website a day or two before your flight to be sure you know the latest rules regarding both carry-on and checked luggage. Pack carefully to ensure you are within the rules. Medications to Treat Claustrophobia While Traveling On Flight Day Allow yourself plenty of time at the airport. Official guidelines state that you should arrive at least two hours before a domestic flight, and three hours before an international flight. However, you may want to expand that window a bit. The stress of a crowded airport and invasive security screening could put you at risk for a panic attack, and wondering whether you will make the flight will only increase your anxiety.Be hydrated. Once you are through security, you will be able to enjoy the restaurants, shops, and amenities inside the secure area of the airport. Drink plenty of water and try to eat a small snack. Maintaining hydration and blood sugar is important for staying calm.Check in at your gate at least 30 minutes before the flight. Giving yourself plenty of time for this last step of the process will help you stay calm and focused. On the Plane During your flight, keep yourself distracted as much as possible. Bring an iPod, DVD player or laptop, or purchase headphones and watch the in-flight movie. If you are traveling with a relative or friend, engage in conversation. Slip off your shoes and relax with a pillow and blanket.If you have a panic attack, let your traveling partner know. He or she may be able to help talk you down. Otherwise, focus on your coping strategies.Practice coping strategies. Get up and walk around if the seat belt light is off. Go to the restroom and splash cold water on your face. Take anti-anxiety medication according to your doctor’s recommendations, but avoid self-medicating with alcohol. Drinking may actually increase your anxiety.??Ask for help if you need it. Flight attendants can handle all sorts of in-flight emergencies including anxiety attacks. Although not trained therapists, they can provide different types of assistance. Do not hesitate to ask for help if needed. Overcoming the Fear of Flying

Examining Use Of Warranties In Marine Insurance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3582 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The term warranty has been described as one of most ill used expressions in the legal dictionary. There are several types of warranties in marine insurance ranging from express warranties to implied warranties that are divided to seaworthiness, legality of voyage non-deviation, neutrality, nationality, safety, legality. In this essay special importance will be given to the notion of seaworthiness and different aspects of it. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Examining Use Of Warranties In Marine Insurance" essay for you Create order It was often the case that warranties in marine insurance were considered to serve the insurer and damage the insured  [2]  , and because of this perception we will examine the relevant case law to shed a new light on the present situation. Even though the insureds status has improved in recent time, the results of our research show that it is not always the case. 2. Background The use of warranties has originated in the UK law  [3]  . When discussing warranties we need to distinguish them from conditions. John F Wilson states Condition is a basic term, warranty is minor. Breach can be compensated for by the award for damages.  [4] Marine Insurance Act 1906 s. 33 defines warranty as a condition that needs to be abided, if not done so the insurer can be released from the responsibility from the day of the breach. Conditions are thought to be fundamental to the contract, warranties are not; therefore breach of condition automatically rescinds the contract but the breach of warranty does not. It makes the insurer liable for the cost happening before the breach and insured for damages occurring after the breach. Lord Diplock in Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co v Kawasaki  [5]  stated for the term to be condition it needs to comply with sections 12-15 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979. The Hong Kong Fir Shipping case is also notable case for the establ ishment of the innominate terms by Lord Diplock. Innominate terms notion examine the core of the contract; it is concentrated on the circumstances of the breach and not whether the term was a condition or warranty. This was scrutinized in Reardon Smith Line Ltd. v Hansen-Tangen  [6]  by the House of Lords as thought to be too limited in practice, even though innominate terms are well established in the Contract Law. Some examples of warranty clauses are: maintenance of vessel, size of bunkers, redelivery of vessel, vessels speed.  [7]  Breaches of warranties are allowed only if there is a change of circumstances to which the warranty is not applicable anymore or if the warranty deviates from the law.  [8] We shall continue with express warranties moving on to implied warranties and finally to different aspects of seaworthiness. 3. Express and Implied Warranties Express warranties are defined by the s.35 of the Marine Insurance Act 1906. They are expressly implied in the contract or written in the policy. General terms regarding the warranties are regulated by the s.33 of the MIA 1906. Implied terms on the other hand are not expressly stipulated but considered to be agreed upon. Express and implied warranties have the same status and both are equally binding. Marine Insurance Act 1906 contains implied terms of neutrality, nationality, and good safety, legality, legality of voyage, non deviation and seaworthiness. Summarization of the previously mentioned: the ship must remain in neutral character; the ship can not change the nationality while in risk. It must be in good safety and legality, the voyage needs to be legal. The ship should not deviate from the course, and it needs to be deemed as fit for voyage. 4. Seaworthiness 9 A ship is deemed to be seaworthy when she is reasonably fit in all respects to encounter the ordinary perils of the seas of the adventure insured  [10] The origins of the notion of seaworthiness have evolved to preserve the wide range of interests in marine insurance. It also serves to protect from possible perils and hazards at sea. Seaworthiness has many different aspects and views, i.e. we need to distinguish between statutory seaworthiness and warranty type of seaworthiness. Breach of the statutory seaworthiness attracts criminal offence; breach of warranty seaworthiness does not  [11]  . Baris Soyer emphasizes that the absence of a universal definition creates confusion  [12]  . Moreover, he claims that the marine insurance and common law have different definition of seaworthiness but he claims that at the end the result is the same  [13]  ; an example of such a case we can find in The Firemens Fund Case Insurance Co v Western Australian Insurance Co Ltd an d Atlantic Insurance Co Ltd  [14]  . Soyer asserts that The Firemens Fund Case serves as an example of two different definitions being in accordance and the way how they complete each other  [15]  . However, these are still two different definitions and it is not easy to unify them in all cases. Moreover, the broadness of the definition results (with different interpretations) in taking different components into matter for e.i.. type of the ship as it was the case in Burges v Wickham  [16]  ; type of the cargo, where it departed from the first interpretation, etc. This situation defines seaworthiness as a relative term  [17]  . In Burges v Wickham  [18]  , a river steamer lost at sea was held to be seaworthy in the occurring circumstances. Insurers were notified of the state of the vessel, extra premium was paid. The insurers claim of the ship being made for river and not sea journeys did not withstand as in those occurring circumstances the boat was held to b e seaworthy as the insurer was notified the list of facts. In order to make the notion of seaworthiness approachable and clear we should clarify all aspects of it. Since we have different perception and interpretation of it in marine insurance and the common law, we believe that clarification is more than neccessary. It is not only that seaworthiness lacks a clear definition but it is often mixed with safety since there is a common oppinion that a seaworthy ship is a safe ship although these two terms belong to two different categories. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦The first of these categories deals with seaworthiness which, strictly speaking, should only concern matters impinging upon the ships ability to encounter the ordinary perils of the sea. The second category is concerned with conditions onboard the ship that affect the health, safety and welfare of human lives. One could accurately conclude that safe and seaworthy are different concepts; while seaworthy is one par t of a safe ship, it is not the only considerationÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦Ã‚  [19] It is important to make a distinction between these two categories since different legal action (a civil versus a criminal action) is applied against a ships owner. 5. Hague/Visby, Hamburg Rules and Rotterdam Convention The standard for seaworthiness has been achieved through The Hague, Hague/Visby rules, Hamburg rules and in the USA Harter Act. However, different aspects give us different views and no permanent codification. The Hague, Hague/Visby and Hamburg rules insist on the burden of the proof being on the carrier; Art.5 (1) of the Hamburg rules equals Art.4, 2 (q) of the Hague Rules. When comparing Hague/Visby and Hamburg rules we can conclude they are not so different. However Hague/Visby ones have been far more criticized than the Hamburg Rules especially in relations to freight forwarders and contracting carriers as well as technological developments and EDI  [20]  . The work of the UN UNICTRAL and CMI have done the preliminary work for the new Convention; the Rotterdam Convention which should replace both Hague/Visby and Hamburg Rules. The Convention is open for signature since September 2009. The text of Rotterdam Rules 2009, even though thought to replace the Hague/Visby and Ha mburg Rules, still does not have a complete and universal definition of seaworthiness. Example of such is addressed in Art. 14 (a) stating ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦The carrier is bound before, at the beginning of, and during the voyage of the sea to exercise the due diligence to: a) make and keep the ship seaworthyÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦Ã‚  [21] The Rotterdam Rules Convention signed by twenty state parties so far should replace both Hague, Hague/Visby rules and Hamburg rules  [22]  . The question about seaworthiness arises in a manner that the clear definition of it was not given in the Convention. It was addressed only in Art 14. (a) mentioned above, and briefly in Art.17 (5) (a) (i) in regards with carriers liability. If we deplete completely those two conventions we can only rely on case law and seaworthiness definition becomes relative the way it is. In Foley v Tabor  [23]  Eric CJ construed the following definition: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬  ¦seaworthiness is a word which the import varies with the place, the voyage, the class of ship, or even the nature of the cargo. Seaworthiness has already been defined in a very broad interpretation but not a clear definition has been given yet. It seems that well be able to rely on the relevant case law in the near future. 6. ISMC and STCW Codes There are also implementations of ISMC and STCW documents in regulating shipping in general, developing from SOLAS Convention chapters IX and XI  [24]  . However, in regards with seaworthiness and ISMC it can be concluded that for example, even if the state of ohe ship is in accordance with the Code it does not make it automatically seaworthy because of possible concealed deficiency in the hull  [25]  . We can conclude that even if we abide all the rules we really do not have a hundred percent guarantee of seaworthiness. Even if we abide a set of rules, since there is no codification of laws on the term of seaworthiness, flaws can be easily found. It seems that we have to unify the definition in order to achieve the results. STCW code concentrates on the standard of the behaviour appropriate for the seafarers and personnel, and the lack of such compliance can render the ship unseaworthy, however, often the behaviour of the personnel can not be foreseen and predicte d. 7. What deems the ship as unseaworthy? 26 Referring to different views, the standard for seaworthiness is clearly stated in the Steel v Stateline  [27]  . It tells us that the ship needs to be fit for voyage in the beginning of the journey and to be able to withstand any of the usual perils at the sea. The ship needs to be seaworthy at the start of the journey, it needs to be fit to carry cargo, and it needs to have proper and trained crew. The Master must conserve the ship in the seaworthy state and repair if necessary  [28]  . In case of departing from the set standards the ship will be regarded as unseaworthy. In certain situations covered by s. 49 of the MIA 1906 of allowed deviations from the given route if so is deemed as necessary. Example of such is Scaramanga v Stamp  [29]  where it was held that the deviation to save a human life is allowed, however a deviation to save property is not. The burden of the proof lays on the insurer. In order to use the defence under 39(5) MIA 1906 stating ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦In a time policy there is no implied warranty that the ship shall be seaworthy at any stage of the adventure, but where, with the privity of the assured, the ship is sent to sea in an unseaworthy state, the insurer is not liable for any loss attributable to unseaworthinessÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ The insurer must prove that such was the case and that the ship was unseaworthy at the beginning of the voyage in order to use the principle under 39 (5). Soyer states that the ship soon after starting the voyage becomes unusable if there is no destructive storm or act of violence. There is also a presumption that the ship was not seaworthy at the beginning of the voyage.  [30]  The burden of proof is therefore switched to the assured rather than the insurer to prove otherwise.  [31] 8. Relevant case law The Star sea The Star Sea  [32]  biggest trademark is the duty of outmost good faith Art.17 MIA 1906. Moreover, that same case gives a good angle on seaworthiness and privity. We shall concentrate on the latter. The Star Sea cargo vessel got on fire which was started accidentally and was not successfully put down by the ships master. The fire spread through the boat destroying it completely, making it a complete constructive loss.  [33]  The notice that the ship will be abandoned was given to the insurers on the 12th but was not accepted as first. The insurers claimed that the vessel was unseaworthy because of the acts of the master of the boat. The court held that masters incompetence in putting down the fire amounts to unseaworthiness as he was supposed to act as a form of an agent of the owner, the notion of privity. Three main points were considered in the Star Sea: unseaworthiness, causative loss and privity  [34]  . When it comes to causative loss it needs t o be proven by the assured that the accident was covered under insured perils of the sea. Privity of the assured needs to be proven in order to use the defence of s.39 (5) of the MIA 1906  [35]  . Privity of the contract theory in contract law states that only parties to the contract and no one else can enforce the contract  [36]  . In the Star Sea only losses dating back to the fire were covered by the insurer, any supplementary losses are not covered as in accordance with the different notion of warranties and conditions. If that same case was tried after the implementation of the ISM Code, the end result would probably be the same. Under International Safety Management ISM Code 2002 6 (1) it is stated that The Company should ensure that the master is properly qualified for command. We can agree with security measures in the ISM Code but from different perspectives they can seem pretty harsh. Even, if for example, the background check is done, mistakes still happen. What would happen if the ship master did not disclose all of its history? Then we would be against someone who had no knowledge about a certain fact. It was stated in the Star Sea para. 26   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦If the ship-owner deliberately refrains from examining the ship in order not to gain direct knowledge of what he has reason to believe is its unseaworthy state, he is privy to the ship putting to sea in that unseaworthy stateÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ But, what would happen if the ship owner did not do it deliberately? Kassem in his doctoral thesis about The Legal Aspects of the Sea Worthiness ´Ã‚  [37]  made an interesting suggestion that the state of ship worthiness should be established prior to the voyage. The suggestion seems reasonable and by far useable. If case we could do it, we would avoid many complications regarding the seaworthiness. Most likely the system would be a slightly more complicated prior to the beginn ing of the voyage but it would save both the insurer and the carrier of possible complications in regards to it. Ship needs not only to be seaworthy for the voyage but also in accordance with the standard to carry the assigned goods Art.40 (2) MIA 1906. Making sure that everything is in accordance to the given standards prior to the voyage, it would make the notion of unseaworthiness and court implications less complicated. Issues referring to deviations and repairing of the ship during the voyage covered by the MIA 1906 could always appear, but a strict division could help us to separate those terms in an easy manner. Of course the insurer can rely on Art. 18 MIA 1906 and disclosure of all material facts and Art. 17 relating to the utmost good faith which would try to prove that the claim was made fraudulently. Fraudulent claims should, of course, be stopped but, sometimes it is hard to know which fact is material and which is not. Ship owner against the ship master would hav e possible remedies in torts in misrepresentation or fraud; however seaworthiness in general brings us to rather delicate and complicated situations. In Rio Tinto v Seed we have a bit of a positive light on the topic that the ship masters mistake must be of great importance to render a ship as unseaworthy. We also agree with Kaseems notion of avoiding different detailed articles  [38]  to serve as a definition and we would recomand a more general development through ISM Code. This would provide us with more clear and understandable rules and situations. Even though the Rotterdam rules should serve to supplement both Hague, Hague/Visby and Hamburg rules, one of the burning issues of seaworthiness does not seem resolved in in these rules. We also need to establish, when considering seaworthiness, whether the policy was time policy where implied warranties do apply or whether it was a voyage policy such as the case of The Marina Isis  [39]  in the Singapore Court of the Appeal. Tug vessel was lost during the travelling between Japan and Singapore. It was held that there was no warranty of the route that the vessel should take, and the Court rendered it to be a time policy, not voyage policy, and accordingly it is not falling under s. 39 (1) and s.39 (5). Similar outcome was found in Malayan Motor General Underwriter Re Ltd v MH Almoil The Al Jubail IV  [40]  . The Al Jubail was rendered to be a mixed policy under s. 25 of the MIA 1906. Lai J in Al Jubai p.640 stated that we must look at the policy as a whole and give the parties a chance to make a proper conclusion. It renders us to conclude that we have to take into consideration a whole range of different factors to get a relevant description of the seaworthiness. We would like to point out that a universal framework of the standards relevant for the seaworthiness should be given in advance as the type of policy before starting the journey. In the Implied warranty of seaworthiness paper theory of Arnold was quoted from his book Law of Marine Insurance and Average stating that it is not necessary for the insurers to list the number of possible perils that might occur because the cause of the problem is ambiguity, whether something is a seaworthy or not. It is always doubtful.  [41] This theory was disregarded by the Court in the case of Popi M  [42]  as being a Sherlock Holmes approach. We believe that this theory has its validity despite its minor inconsistencies, especially when the list of possible perils is not known to us. Of course there is a list of the usual perils that might occur, but there could always be exceptions not covered by the policies, that are automatically rendering the ship owner as liable just because they are not clearly stated. We would like to suggest that there is a need to make a universal seaworthiness description based on common standards, relevant both for common law and marine insurance and as such it would resolve ma ny doubts. After all, we have two different formulas with fairly the same results, unification and strict formula, and it might just be a panacea for numerous cases of seaworthiness so far being resolved by the court. An example of Arnolds formula, if it were implemented, it could be considered as notable in the Marel  [43]  case. It was held there that the insured must not only prove that the ship was not in an unseaworthy state but also to prove that the damage that has happened was covered by the policy. It would be far easier, from the insureds point of view, to list the things in the contract of carriage that are not covered rather than the covered ones as unexpected situations can always occur. Seaworthiness can also occur in different stages of arriving and leaving from different ports as regulated by the s.39 (3) of the MIA 1906. The ship needs to be in fit state and comply with the given rules, and an example of such case is Thin v Richards  [44]  . A defect that would be temporary and could be repaired during the voyage would not fall under unseaworthiness as in McFadden v Blue Line  [45]  has been proven. Seaworthiness, as stated in the s.39 (1) of the MIA 1906, shows clearly that the ship needs to be in fit state when embarking on the voyage, but even though, there is a duty for seaworthiness when beginning the voyage and policy and contract need to be obliged with; the mere duty, it is not strictly defined as a continuing one. Hence, there isnt a strict set of rules to be abided; different complications are expected to arise. It is stated in the MIA 1906 s.39 (5) ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦In a voyage policy there is an implied warranty that at the commencement of the voyage the ship shall be seaworthy for the purpose of the particular adventure insuredÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ If case we set up a strict formula to be complied with and render the seaworthiness an occurring process until the ship has arrived to t he destination, we might get far better results. For example Arnolds formula of not listing the perils of the sea might be more successful if we would list what is not covered rather than that what is covered. Seaworthiness is a vast process with many possible implications arising because we have different formulas in common and marine insurance law and the rules are set up in different articles in Acts, Codes and Conventions. If the Rotterdam Convention, when thoroughly implemented, could give us a permanent and strict view, as it was meant to substitute Hague and Hamburg Rules, the situation would be vastly improved. 9. Conclusion Shipping in the 21st century is considered as the most efficient method of transporting goods. It was amongst the first industries to adopt international safety standards. Seaworthiness is considered to play an important role in the development of marine insurance.

Professional Values And Beliefs Effect Essen Care Essay

Introduction This assignment is based on the values exchange scenarios, I have chosen to use Essen who is a 35 years old gentleman, he lives with his wife and 4 children, he also has type 2 diabetes and a BMI of 53. He is now unable to work due to an increased shortness of breath and problems walking. He has been unsuccessful with diets previously and his GP has now recommended that he should have a gastric bypass, unfortunately this procedure cannot be paid for by the NHS. (http://worcester.vxcommunity.com/Issue/adult-scenario-february-2015/21399) – Please see appendix 1 for my answers based on this scenario. I will be looking at how professional values and beliefs effect Essen care. What interpersonal and communication skills the nurse requires, Holistic care and why self-awareness is important in nursing practice. Gastric Surgery Professional values and beliefs A nurse’s primary role is to safeguard and care for their patients. 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What is Euthanasia Free Essays

Euthanasia is one of the most highly discussed topic in society today. It is not morally correct it has to do with killing someone and ruins the intrinsic value of a human being. That is my argument towards euthanasia. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Euthanasia? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Euthanasia goes against nature. Those that oppose say that it is mercy killing, but it is still killing. I am with the majority who are against this so-called mercy killing. Before presenting my arguments, it would be best to define the term â€Å"euthanasia†. Euthanasia can be defined in many ways. Here are categories that fall in with the term euthanasia. â€Å"The term involuntary euthanasia is where the decision is not made by the person who is to die; the patient’s life is ended without the knowledge and consent. It is basically a form of murder. Passive euthanasia is to speed up the process of death to a person and stopping some type of support to let that take its course.’ (academic, coup) Like: stopping a form of medical procedure, stopping nutrients of food and water and allowing the person to dehydrate or starve to death, with that not delivering CPR. â€Å"The term active euthanasia involves causing the death of a person through a direct action, in response from that person.† (ACADEMIC.COUP) A well-known example of that is the case of Dr. Kevorkian. He gave a lethal dose of medicine to kill a terminally ill patient. Dr. Jack Kevorkian was a retired pathologist who assisted in the deaths of over 130 people. The famous court case of Dr. Jack Kevorkian brought awareness to the controversial issue of euthanasia to the public. â€Å"In Michigan, Dr. Jack Kevorkian was convicted of the second-degree murder because he administered a controlled substance to end the life of Thomas Youk and had prepared a video showing his action and let the video be broadcast on national television (NY Times). A different yet similar situation and legal case would come about Saskatchewan, Canada when a wheat farmer named Robert Latimer would take the question of euthanasia into his own hands. â€Å"Robert Latimer murdered his young daughter, Tracy, on October 24th, 2008. Behind the reasoning of Latimer’s act which was immoral is that he couldn’t help to see his daughter suffering from a severe form of cerebral palsy and her disability. He killed her by placing Tracy in the back of his car and ran a hose from the exhaust to the cab, while he watched her die. Latimer was then convicted on November 4,1993 of first-degree murder. The year after he was convicted of second-degree murder.† (Inclusion Daily). So the question is: what’s the difference between his actions of killing his Tracy who suffers from serious pain, and a doctor who received given permission to kill an individual who is also suffering from pain? Eventually Dr. Jack Kevorkian, and Robert Latimer, were both charged with murder because they chose to practice euthanasia. If murder is prohibited by law because people take murder into their own hands to kill others, then why shouldn’t euthanasia be too since doctors kill their patients even if there is consent. A doctor must receive authorization to assist in the death of a patient who is overly sick. Because of this many have questioned why doesn’t Robert Latimer have the right to take his own daughters life, since a doctor would have had to ask him anyways to have the right to kill Tracy? Latimer apparently saved his daughter from suffering, which is the same reason many people. How to cite What is Euthanasia?, Papers

My Summary of Road Warrior Essay Example For Students

My Summary of Road Warrior Essay Have you ever been driving the posted speed limit , and all of a sudden a young crazy teenage guy is tailgating you to the point where he is tapping your bumper? Road rage is a big problem in the United states. Whether it be driving too fast or tailgating. Behaviors that cause road rage also lead to parking lot rage, and shopping cart rage. Now not only is there road rage, there is also shopping cart rage, and parking lot rage. One main reason people get road rage is because there is always a hand full of people that dont know or that dont care that the left lane is the fast lane or the passing lane. These people drive on the left lane even though they are driving the speed limit or even below the speed limit. Nobody knows why these particular people drive in the left lane. The worst part is that there is nothing anyone can do to make these people move over to the right lane. People will try to honk, but more then half the time honking wont work. Another factor of road rage is the young teenager with the fast car and the loud music. Their music is so loud the bass rattles the cars around him. Not only is his music so loud but they insist on driving faster then the speed of light. If you make the mistake of getting in their way they will tailgate you or even bump you until you get out of there way. Teenage guys that drive too fast is not as bad as the people that drive too slow. As Barry says being trapped behind people drifting along on the interstate at the speed of diseased livestock. Barry brings up a good point about people not yielding or signaling when they want to switch lanes or turn. This is also know as cutting people off. Another major factor of road rage. Not only is road rage a big problem, people are also faced with parking lot rage. As Barry mentioned in the essay Which occurs when I pull into a crowded supermarket parking lot, and I see people get into their car, clearly ready to leave, so I stop my car and wait for them to vacate the spot, and nothing happens. Then there is shopping cart rage Barry describes these certain people as the people that area always driving on the left-hand lane. These are the people who block the entire aisle with one shopping cart. Barry describes shopping car rage being so bad he says If we really want to keep illegal immigrants from entering the united states, we should employ Miami residents armed with shopping carts. Barry brings up another type of rage. People who congest the supermarket aisle because they cant decide what to buy. Barry states the problem is bought up by the wide selection of items. He uses orange juice as an example, For just

1.Point- A Fixed Dot In Space Or Location Essays -

1.point- a fixed dot in space or location 2.line- 2 or more points in a row 3.plane- flat surface 4.obtuse exterior- an obtuse angle on the outside of a triangle 5.collinear points- points that form a line 6.coplanar points- points that form a plane 7.intersection of 2 lines- forms a point 8.intersection of 2 planes- forms a line 9.intersection of line and plane- forms a point 10.vertical planes- planes that extend vertically 11.horizontal planes- planes that extend horizontally 12.line segment- line in between to points 13.ray- line extending in one direction from a point 14.regular polygon- polygon that is equiangular and equilateral 15.congruent segments- line segments that are equal 16.midpoint of a segment- the point that divides the segment into 2 congruent segments 17.bisector of a segment- a line, segment, ray, or plane that intersects the segment at its midpoint 18.angles- a figure formed by 2 rays that have the same endpoint 19.vertex- the endpoint of an angle 20.acute angle- an angle with measure between 0 and 90 21.obtuse angle- an angle with measure between 90 and 180 22.straight angle- an angle with measure of 180; a line 23.congruent angles- angles that have equal measures 24.adjacent angles- 2 angles in a plane that have a common vertex and sides but no common interior points 25.bisector of an angle- a ray that divides the angle into 2 congruent adjacent angles 26.complementary angles- 2 angles whose measures have the sum of 90 27.supplementary angles- 2 angles whose measures have the sum of 180 28.vertical angles- 2 angles whose sides form 2 pairs of opposite rays 29.perpendicular lines- 2 lines that intersect to form right angles 30.parallel lines- coplanar line that do not intersect 31.skew lines- lines that are not coplanar 32.line parallel to a plane- are parallel to a plane if they do not intersect 33.transversal- a line that intersects 2 or more coplanar lines in different points 34.alternate interior angles- 2 nonadjacent interior angles on opposite sides of a transversal 35.corresponding angles- 2 angles in corresponding positions relative to 2 lines 36.same-side interior angles- 2 interior angles on the same side of the transversal

How Juliet is presented in Act 1 Scene 5 in the play and in Baz Luhrmanns film version Essay Example

How Juliet is presented in Act 1 Scene 5 in the play and in Baz Luhrmanns film version Essay Example How Juliet is presented in Act 1 Scene 5 in the play and in Baz Luhrmanns film version Paper How Juliet is presented in Act 1 Scene 5 in the play and in Baz Luhrmanns film version Paper Essay Topic: Romeo and Juliet Juliet is presented very similarly in both the film and in the text version when comparing in Act 1 Scene 5. This is the scene where Romeo and Juliet first meet each other and immediately fall in love. Although their presentation is largely the same, there are some slight differences. Juliet’s first meeting with Romeo reveals a lot about their newfound love. In the play version, Juliet’s first interaction with Romeo is in the form of continuing a sonnet, like, â€Å"much†¦touch† â€Å"this†¦kiss†. This immediately shows how much they are in unison and in love, as they are seamlessly able to continue the pattern of each other’s words. In the film version, this relationship is emphasised when Juliet talks like this to Romeo while she is still standing next to Paris. This is to emphasise how they have never seen true love until this point, as even though in Act 1 Scene 3, a only a few hours before this point, she said she would â€Å"look to like Paris†. This demonstrates the idea of â€Å"love at first sight very clearly†, as even though she is standing next to the man she is supposed to be loving, she still takes time out to talk romantically to Romeo. Even before this point, however, their fight true sighting is through a fish tank. This fish tank is not totally clear, but the two can still see each other through it. This signifies the fact that their love will be pure, but may not be totally problem-free. This may be used as a technique to show Juliet and Romeo to be future-tellers and can almost see their demise, but will not respond to it because they are so infatuated with each other. Juliet’s reaction when she realises that Romeo is a Montague reveals a lot about her love for Romeo. In the play, Juliet has a suspicion that Romeo is a Montague, so asks her Nurse to go and enquire about the identities of some of the men she sees. She is being very clever in the scene, asking the identity of a totally unrelated man before asking the Nurse to find out the identity of Romeo. This is used to deceive the Nurse, so she cannot get in the way of her love. This shows how obsessed she is with Romeo, as she is willing to lie to her childhood mother-figure in order to get to her love. This is not the same as in the film, as the Nurse will scold Juliet for kissing Romeo. In the play, Juliet is portrayed as braver, as she does not seek a private place to show her affection for Romeo. She risks revealing her true love because she cannot wait to stop and show his affection for him. This means that in both the film and the text version, she finds Romeo too interesting to think about anything else, so when she finds out that Romeo is a Montague, she finds it almost too difficult to bear. In both versions, she says â€Å"My only love sprung from my only hate. â€Å"Only love† signifies a very true sense of love, so in both versions, she is seen to be a character who either very easily falls in love, or finds true love in the play. Contextual changes have been made to the character of Juliet in the film compared to the play. In the play, love was often a very rushed, not thought about matter, and some couples did not even meet each other until their marriage day. This corresponds to the play, because as soon as they meet each other, they agree to kiss. However, in the modern day, love tends to be more thought about, and couples spend some time properly knowing each other before they marry. This corresponds to the film, as Romeo and Juliet meet one another through a fish tank before asking to kiss. This represents the considered approach to love today, so can be described as accurate to today’s world. Overall, Juliet is portrayed as a very similar character in both the film version and the play version, and there are only slight differences, like making her love public and also not deceiving her Nurse. To conclude, the play and the film are very similar in their views of Juliet, but the film, being visual, provides us with more clues about her true character.

Diffrenece between FAA Regulations (FARs) and UAE GCAA Regulations Essay

Diffrenece between FAA Regulations (FARs) and UAE GCAA Regulations (CARs) - Essay Example Firstly, the certificate holders location serves as the primary contact for corresponding between the certificate holder and FAA (Flighsim Aviation Zone 2014). The regulation also specifies registration markings, the aircraft type, as well as serial numbers of all aircrafts with the authority to operate. Nonetheless, the certificate holder cannot conduct operations with aircrafts or airports that do not appear in the FAA recommended list. Moreover, the operation specifications under FAA authorize the type of operations that flight operators may engage in (Remawi 2011). The rules and regulations have provisions for authorization as well as the limitations of certain areas and routes of operations. Most important are the provisions that concerns limitations on airport operations thus recommending limits for the aircraft operators. Another operation specification under FAA rules and regulations is time limitations (Flighsim Aviation Zone 2014). There are specific requirements that limit aircraft operations to specific time frame. The time limitations concerns overhauling, checking airframes, inspection on engines, rotors, appliances, and propellers. On the other hand, the regulation has operation specifications about interline interchange of equipment. Also, important are the regulations about deviation authorization and conditions under the regulation exempts certain operations. Moreover, FAA has specific regulations about additional maintenance that the aircraft requires as well as a wet lease data or information that the regulation requires (Remawi 2011). On the other hand, the regulation recommends that the aircraft operator must check that all the items that the administrator requires are present. Therefore, FAA regulations recommend the conditions necessary for airport operations and revolve around the s afety and well-being of the flight operator and the commuters or travellers. They regulate many aircraft

E cmmerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

E cmmerce - Essay Example Infrastructure include providing multiple ways and effective communication network sites, and provision of different ways of protecting and verifying the authenticity of sites among other factors. For example, ‘Individuals’ provide broadband connectivity for internet connections at affordable prices, to increase the proportion of Internet users hence an e-commerce boom. ‘Institutions and governments’ to provide digital certificates and secure infrastructure for information exchange, hence user confidence and adoption of electronic commerce. Electronic commerce is not confined to "buy and sell" via the Internet. It may have profitability goals and different models for selling and buying. However, if there remains partial payment, availability, and ease of use by the owner of the site and the consumer, this would be a catalyst for emergence of a very prosperous e-commerce project. An access to sophisticated system addresses based on the numbering of each facility should be available. A specific home address ensures that delivery is made to the specific address. Physical address system exists in many developed countries, but lacks in many Arab countries, for example Saudi Arabia, which still relies on landmarks in order for a driver reach your home. Finally, Saudi Arabia needs these three aspects to promote e-commerce, although it still lacks a physical address system. Until now, there are a number of attempts by small medium enterprises and entrepreneurs to address this problem. Delivery is a determinant factor in the progression of e commerce in Saudi Arabia. This is because delivery enhances the flow of goods to various destinations in conjunction with the online business directives. The delivery helps in a dancing the obligation pertaining t the business transactions. Delivery of goods forms part of these contractual obligations. According to Buchele (2008,p.71), the delivery factor enables the

Calibrating a pressure gauge using an air-operated dead-weight pressure gauge tester for air gauges

Calibrating a pressure gauge using an air-operated dead-weight pressure gauge tester for air gauges INTRODUCTION: Calibrationis the set of operations that establish the relationship between the values of quantities indicated by a measuring instrument and the corresponding values realized by standards. The result of a calibration allows for the determination of corrections to be made with regards to the indicated values. It may also help in determining other metrological properties such as the effect of influence quantities. The results of a calibration are usually documented and referred to as calibration certificate or a calibration report. Necessary adjustments are made to the instrument after calibration so that it always indicates readings corresponding to given values of the quantity measured. When the instrument is made to give a null indication corresponding to a null value of the quantity to be measured, the set of operation is called zero adjustment . The Calibration Process The first thing to consider in calibrating an instrument is its design. In order to be able to calibrate an instrument, the design of the instrument has to be capable of measurements that are withinengineering tolerance when used within certain conditions and over a reasonable period of time. The criteria used for assigning tolerance values vary according to regions and according to type of industry. Manufacturers of instruments assign a general measurement tolerance and suggest the calibration interval as well as the optimum environment for use and storage of the instrument. The user of the instrument on the other hand assigns the actual calibration interval, on the instruments likely usage level. For example, if a manufacturer states that an instrument needs to be calibrated after usage for 8-12 hours of use 5 days per week is six months, that same instrument in 24/7 usage would generally get a shorter interval. The assignment of calibration intervals can be a formal process based on the results of previous calibrations. Calibration process versus cost Generally, the process of calibrating an instrument is a difficult and expensive one. As a rule of thumb, the cost for ordinary equipment support is generally about 10% of the purchasing cost of the instrument on a yearly basis. Exotic devices such asscanning electron microscopes,gas chromatographsystems andlaserinterferometerdevices can be even more expensive to calibrate. When the instruments being calibrated are integrated with computers, the integrated computer programs and any calibration corrections are also under control. The calibration paradox Successful calibration has to be consistent and systematic. At the same time, the complexity of some instruments requires that only key functions be identified and calibrated. Under those conditions, a degree of randomness is needed to find unexpected deficiencies. Even the most routine calibration requires a willingness to investigate any unexpected observation. Theoretically, anyone who can read and follow the directions of a calibration procedure can perform the work. It is recognizing and dealing with the exceptions that is the most challenging aspect of the work. This is where experience and judgement are called for and where most of the resources are consumed. THEORY Principles of Operation Of Dead Weight Testers Pressure is defined as force per unit area i.e. P=F/A F=M x g (product of mass and the acceleration acting on that mass) This simple principle is used by Dead weight pressure testers to generate a very stable and accurate pressure. A series of weights are loaded on to a piston unit which is housed inside a cylinder. In principle, the components of the above equations are as follows: A is the effective cross-sectional area of the piston unit M is the mass of the weights loaded on top of the piston unit in addition to the mass of the piston unit itself. g is the gravitational acceleration acting on the piston and mass set. For example, if a piston of area A = in2 (0.18cm2) weighing M = 12.5lb (5.67kg) is supported by a fluid in a cylinder, the pressure in the fluid is 12.5lb=100lb/in2 (7kg/cm2). The piston- cylinder and the weights are called a dead-weight balance. The effective area of the piston and cylinder unit is an approximation of the average of the areas of the piston and of the cylinder. The performance of a tester depends largely on the accuracy with which the piston and cylinder are manufactured. These should be straight and round and have a good finish. They are usually made from hardened and stabilised tool steels, however, on the air operated type, high chromium steel is used to prevent corrosion. They are protected from high pressure such that the piston would not leave its cylinder and if the weights are supplied without air- pressure, the piston will not be in compression. The accuracy can be illustrated by stating that a variation of 0.1ÃŽÂ ¼m on the effective diameter of a piston/cylinder unit would result in an area charge of 63ppm. The area of the piston-cylinder units are compared with NPL Standards. Two units can be compared by connecting them hydraulically (or on gas) under pressure; when they were in balance, the area say AD to be determined was found from the known area of an NPL unit say Ak, showing the weights applied to each say WD and Wk from the equation. When instrument accuracies are calculated, allowance is made for the fact that effective area of the piston/cylinder unit increases with pressure. These is negligible on low pressure testers but becomes significant on testers such as type 380D (600 bar) and 380H (1200 bar). For the 4000 bar type the weights for equal increments of pressure are greater as the pressure increases up to 4000 bar and weight must be applied in the correct sequence. The accuracy certificate of a tester takes into account the buoyancy of the piston immersed in liquid. When testing gauges on liquid it may also be necessary to allow for liquid head (1 cm corresponds to 1 mb). The datum levels of the hydraulic piston/cylinder units are marked with a groove on the outer diameter of the unit. The effect of heads could normally be ignored on air testers. The certificate also gives details of the corrections to be made for change in temperature of the unit from 20oC due to expansion of the piston/cylinder unit and also of corrections due to g varying from standard gravity. The hydraulic testers can have accuracies of 0.01% on 1/16 in2 piston/cylinder unit, 0.015% on 1/80 in2 and 0.02% on 1/160 in2 units. Apparatus: 1. A pressure gauge that could measure up to 100 lb/in2bar 2. A Budenberg an air-operated pressure gauge calibrator: Made with levelling screws at its base which is used to mount it on a bench, a 0.5 square inch piston-cylinder unit, two control valves, one 0.5 inch B.S.P gauge connection, some weights (each marked with corresponding pressures they exert). The apparatus can basically be divided into three elements: The piston and cylinder units The weights The testers. The Piston-Cylinder unit The effective area of the piston and cylinder unit is an approximation of the average of the areas of the piston and of the cylinder and is 0.5 in2. The weight exerted by the unit is 0.1 kg/cm2 or 0.1bar. The Piston-Cylinder unit is made from high chromium steel is used to prevent corrosion. It is also fitted with mechanical stops to prevent the piston leaving the cylinder housing if the applied pressure is excessive, and if the weights are supplied without air- pressure, the piston will not be in compression. There is a small gap between the piston and the cylinder so that when the piston rotates in the cylinder the pressure medium forms a bearing eliminating friction and metallic contact; any viscous forces are circumferential and so do not act in a vertical direction and so do not affect the accuracy of the balance. If the gap between the piston and the cylinder is too small, the piston will not rotate freely at low pressure long enough for a true balanced pressure to be attained. If the gap is too large, there will be a leakage between the two and the piston will fall in the cylinder. The piston will spin for a reasonable length of time at low pressure and will remain in its floating position for several minutes at high pressures. The Weights The weights used are DH-Budenberg, manufactured from series 300 austenitic stainless steel, which makes them highly resistant to corrosion and magnetic permeability. They are marked with the nominal pressure value that they will generate (in bar) when used with the piston-cylinder unit they are designed for. These weights have been manufactured to specific set of tolerances and according to National (NPL) standards to give an accuracy of 0.015% under all nominal conditions. They give the appropriate force when subjected to a gravitational acceleration of 9.80665m/s2(International Standard, g) and in an air of density 1.2 kg/m3. The Tester This is the last element of the dead-weight tester. This unit is generally called the pneumatic dead weight tester base. It is the unit that generates the pressure which is then applied to the piston-cylinder unit and the instrument under calibration. It is supplied with an incoming port where a clean dry non-corrosive source of gas is connected. The type 240 air-operated tester has two valves: one valve to admit air from a H.P. supply to raise the pressure and one to release air to the atmosphere. PROCEDURE 1. The gauge to be calibrated was properly cleaned to remove any dirt or chemical contamination that could contaminate the tester. Using a bonded seal at the joint the Gauge was screwed on to the calibration equipment. 2. Using the conversion table given, (see table 2) the weight required in bar to test a pressure indicated by the gauge (the one being calibrated) was checked and the dead-weight piston was loaded with weight equivalent to the desired pressure less the pressure of the Piston-Cylinder unit. For example, when it was required to test the 10 lb/in2 reading on the gauge scale, the amount of weight required was 0.69 bar (from the table). But the piston already weighed 0.1 bar so this was subtracted from 0.69 bar to get 0.59 bar. So only 0.59 bar of weight equivalent was loaded onto the piston. 3. Next, the left-hand valve which releases pressure from the tester was closed. 4. Then, to test for rising pressure, the right-hand valve which admits pressure to the tester was opened carefully. This admitted pressure into the tester and the rate of pressure rise was watched on the gauge under test. As the pressure approached the desired value to be tested, the weights were spun carefully, and as soon as the piston began to float half way between the two stops, the reading of the pressure gauge was taken. The release valve was opened and the admitting valve was closed. 5. Next, to test for falling pressure, the release valve was closed and the admitting valve was opened. As the pressure rose beyond the desired pressure, the admitting valve closed and the release valve was opened slowly to enable the pressure drop in the tester. As the pressure approached the required pressure, the weight was spun carefully and ss soon the piton began to float half way between the two stops, the reading on the gauge was taken. All the pressure was then released. 6. A new set of weights were loaded on the piston to test the next pressure reading. These steps were carried out for pressure readings of from 10 lb/in2 to 100 lb/in2 at intervals of 10 lb/in2. The readings obtained were tabulated in table 2. RESULTS The results obtained were tabulated as in below Pressure being tested (lbf/in2) Applied Load Minus 0.1 (bar) Actual reading Up pressure (lbf/in2) Down Pressure (lbf/in2) 10 0.69 10.5 9.50 20 1.38 19.50 19.00 30 2.07 29.50 29.00 40 2.76 39.00 39.00 50 3.45 49.50 49.00 60 4.14 59.50 59.00 70 4.83 69.00 69.00 80 5.52 79.00 78.50 90 6.21 89.00 88.50 100 6.9 99.00 99.50 Table 1 showing readings from calibration exercise. CONCLUSION The calibration of the pressure gauge using a dead weight tester was carried out; Based on the experimental results obtained a deviation in the calibrated reading was compared to the theoretical values. Therefore the pressure gauge on the downwards pressure was observed to be not appropriate for very low pressure levels; Especially when the supplied air pressure is low incapable of lifting the applied load this can be express mathematically as: Psa = W/Pd were W = Psa x Pd W = weight/load Pd = downwards pressure Psa = supplied air pressure Therefore applied load/weight is directly proportional to the obtainable pressure gauge calibration meter readings. Sources of Errors: Â · Possible air leakage from the valves. Â · Error due to parallax when reading the half way level mark. Â · Possible pushing down on the piston while spinning the weight. Â · Possible loss of pressure in the piston hydraulics. REFERENCE 1. N. E. Connor, Gas Quality Measuring Devices on Gas Measurement University of Salford, 1969 2. DH- Budenberg, An-Introduction-to-Dead-Weight-Testers @ http://www.scribd.com/doc/18933664 (25th Nov, 2009) 3. Wikipedia Encyclopaedia (www.wikipedia.com) 4. Practical Manual on pressure gauge calibration, 2009.

Play Response

It's A Wonderful Life On Saturday November 19, 201 I went to Cookeville Children's Theatre school performance to watch the show â€Å" It's A Wonderful Life† and it was the last show for this play. This show also has been showed on November 11, 12, 13 15, 17, 18, 19. This play is has a good story. I went to watch the play with two of my friends and other classmates. We went there at 7:30 p. m. at first we could not find the Cookeville Children's Theatre school performance because I have not been there before. With a little help from other friends we found the place.This play was $10 for adults $8 for seniors,students, and children. However, while we were waiting for the play to get started, a staff gets up and gives us a little guide about the play. The Play From childhood, George's greatest ambition has been to see the world, to become an architect and design bridges and skyscrapers everywhere. However, George repeatedly has to sacrifice his dreams. He puts off going to colle ge until Harry graduates from high school to take over the family business, the Bailey Building and Loan Association, essential to many of the disadvantaged in Bedford Falls.But on Harry's graduation night, as George discusses his future with his date Mary Hatch who has had a crush on him since she was a little girl, although George either doesn't realize it or believe it, and tries to remain emotionally detached his father suddenly has a stroke and dies. Mr. Potter , the owner of most of the town, seizes the opportunity to gain control of the Board of Directors and decides to end the â€Å"sentimental hogwash† of home loans for the working poor. George persuades the board members to stop Potter; they agree, but only on condition that George himself run the business. The Music and ChoreographyIn the It’s a Wonderful Life play. The lines of the show are faithfully adapted from the original 1946 movie version and the songs are seamlessly woven in. The score is challengin g musically- and these actors have the range to deliver. â€Å"The ballads shed light on the characters’ feelings behind the dialogue seen in the movie. And the range of emotion is not simply shown by the lyrics in the songs, but by the musicality of the score as a whole. The music for this show is not an afterthought to the famous plot line. It truly is beautiful and rich. Hearing young actors, some of them singing for the first time on stage, is a magical experience.Young voices being grown and blossoming right before your eyes- it represents art in every facet. Conclusion Overall, I really liked the play and the way the actors and the director existing this play. Honestly , when I first planed to go to the play I thought I would stay there for only 15 or 20 minutes at most, but after I watched the first scene I enjoyed it and thought I would watch only the next one then I will leave which I did not until the play was done. I had watch the whole play and did not even feel the play was uninterested . It was an enjoyable play.

Two Poems of Emily Dickinson and Mary Oliver

Comparison and Contrast Essay between two Poems of Emily Dickinson and Mary Oliver Emily Elizabeth Dickinson, or called Emily Dickinson for short (1830 – 1886) and Mary Oliver (1935), are the two poets who contributed great works of art to American society during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In spite of several characteristics that can be found in both Emily Dickinson and Mary Oliver poems, there are undeniably things that distinguish them from one another, although outside both are very famous poets of the poems that they wrote at that time, but actually inside, every poem that they bring the reader has a different meaning and quite deep in reader hearts. For example, as we read the poem â€Å"Alligator Poem† by Mary Oliver poem and the poem â€Å"A Bird Came down the Walk† by Emily Dickinson, we can clearly see that both poets have borrowed the images of the bird to express the deeply of each verse, and to add lively for their poem. This method is called personification, is one of the main methods by which the poet used to write a poem vividly. Although both poets use personification methods in both poems, such as borrowing the images of the bird to write a poem as an example, but actually the use of such methods have different deeply meaning in the two poems. And that is the topic I write this essay, what are the similarities and differences between how they use images of birds to express their verses? How they have been very successful in using the personification methods to write a poem completely and deeply. First of all, about two poets, they are very famous poet and professional in the field of modern poems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, both began writing poetry when they were very young. (Write something about Emily Dickinson Early Life and Career). Mary Oliver, since she started writing about modern poetry, she had a lot of work that very successful and famous all over the world such as House of Light, Winter Hours: Prose, Prose Poems, and Poems, Why I Wake Early,†¦ and and many other works. One of the most famous works is New and Selected Poems – Volumne One, this work brought to her a great success on the modern way of writing poems, it was also the cause of the birth New and Selected Poems – Volume Two. (Write something about Famous Works of Emily Dickinson). In the poem â€Å"Aligator Poem† in â€Å"New and Selected Poems – Volumne One† of Mary Oliver, personification method is a main method that she used the most to write this poem. As you read the whole poem, you can clearly see the bird that she wants to talk about is tanding in the tops of the trees, whistling any warning, crashing toward to her, its tail failing, slashing the grass, its cradle – shaped mouth gaping, then rimming with teeth,†¦ these actions are not the actions of a bird, these are human actions, she used personification to pretend the bird is a person, or a friend, she pretended that she was walking on the street and saw the bird, but she thought that bird is not a normal bird because she could see its eye was trying to tell her something. And of course she couldn't understand bird language, or the bird couldn't tell her what is going on with her in human language. So the only way that the bird could do is action, I do agree that human cannot understand the birds language, but I do surely agree that human can understand the bird action. Then finally she did understand what the bird was trying to tell her, she understood that something is really bad will happen to her in the future. And yes, she fell, but thanks to the bird's warning, she leaped aside and fell, that is why she did not die. Then in the end, she said that this is not a poem about foolishness, but about how she rose from the ground and saw the world as if for the second time which means she is not a person accepts to failure, she will face it and will continue to stand up every time she falls. In other words, all those things above, including her imagination of a bird is a human, are a method to help she continue to stand up each failure, and see the world again. On the other hand, in the poem â€Å"A Bird Came down the Walk† of Emily Dickinson, personification method is also one of the methods that Emily Dickinson used the most to write this poem like I said above in the instruction and in the poem â€Å"Aligator Poem†, this is also the similarity of the two poems, borrowing the images of bird to express their poems. She describes the simple experience of watching a bird came down the walk, but particularly is the bird didn't aware that it was being watched by the poet. The poet depicts the bird and its actions throughout the whole poem such as hopped sidewise to the wall to let a beetle pass, glanced with rapid eyes, stirred his velvet head, unrolled his feathers, rowed him softer home,†¦ these actions provides the readers with vivid imagery when they read the poetry because Emily Dickinson was very meticulous to describe the bird's actions as the actions of human. The poem makes the reader feel and experience very slowly the simple aspects of nature but very beautiful. She creates the mood of the poem in the sequence of very simple activities of he bird but bring more excitement to the reader. The first three stanzas describe very reasonable to replace the sequence of operations of a bird that could occur in the order when watching many kinds of bird. The last two stanzas describe a very natural act of a bird when she provided a crumb. The poem is divided into two parts, the first three stanzas are the first part to describe the mood and tone of the poem by listing the activities of the bird and the rest of the poetry is the second part describes the effect of human interaction on the bird. In the final stanza, a method that Emily Dickinson was used to write this poem is metaphor method; this is a difference between the two poems of Emily Dickinson and Mary Oliver, comparing the bird’s smoothness in flight to oars splitting the ocean and butterflies leaping from banks. She used metaphor method to compare the bird’s smoothness in flight to oars splitting the ocean and butterflies leaping from banks. After all, the main goal of this poem is to show the simplistic beauty of nature through words, but this scene will be lost forever if people continue to destroy the nature such as the effect of human interaction on the bird as an example in this poem. To sum of, the big difference between the two poems is the meaning of borrowing the images of birds to tell the unbeaten in the poem â€Å"Poem Aligator† and to describe the beauty of nature in the poem â€Å"A Bird Came down the Walk†. In conclusion, reading the poems of the two great poets Emily Dickinson and Mary Oliver is one of the best ways to learn and study knowledge although both poets have similar ideas and different ways to bring knowledge to the reader through words, as long as a person or a student willing to work hard and improve, he/she will be able to analyze things in life, to know how to overcome their own difficulties.

Management Style in Nigeria - 2580 Words

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. AUTOCRATIC OR AUTHORITARIAN MANAGEMENT STYLE a. Advantages of Autocratic Management b. Disadvantages of Autocratic Management 3. DEMOCRATIC OR PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT a. Advantages of Democratic Management b. Disadvantages of Democratic Management 4. LAISSEZ FAIRE MANAGEMENT a. Advantages of Laissez Faire Management b. Disadvantages of Laissez Faire Management 5. MANAGEMENT STYLE OF THE NIGERIAN GOVERNMENT 6. MANAGEMENT STYLE IN THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT a. the role of a manager b. approach to change c. approach to time and priorities d. decision making e. boss or team player? f. communication and negotiation styles INTRODUCTION What is management style? Management style refers to the way a superior†¦show more content†¦Making the staff feel valued can increasing morale and productivity. Disadvantages of Democratic Management If a vote or meeting takes place when every major decision has to be made, the whole process can take a long time. Management may struggle if asked to take quick and decisive action, something an autocratic manager would strive under. The decided decisions may not be in the company’s best interest, because they are decided upon by the majority, with the majority being the workers, decisions could lean towards their best interests and not the company’s. LAISSEZ FAIRE MANAGEMENT In Laissez Faire management, the manager takes a back seat in proceedings, leaving the staff in charge of their own specific sections or tasks. This allows the employees to stamp their own creative freedom and ideas on the company; the manager will not interfere and will not get involved. The laissez faire style leaves a great deal of responsibility and creativity in the hands of the workers, which is why it’s so important to get the right team together, not everyone can work under a laissez-faire manager who sets a task then leaves the staff to do the rest. The laissez faire manager is looked upon as more of a coach or advisor than a stereotypical manager. Advantages of Laissez Faire Management Laissez-faire management leaves a lot of responsibility in the hands of the workers, this can lead to improved morale, the staff will feel valuedShow MoreRelatedConflict Management Styles Among Corporate Ceos Nigeria1430 Words   |  6 Pagesframeworks used, and identifying which frame work best applies to the topic: â€Å"Conflict Management Styles among Corporate CEO’s in Nigeria†. Also the extract below introduces the theory of â€Å"conflict management† thus describing the conceptual perspectives that informs the different forms behavior by which conflict may be handled. Conflict management Rahim and Bonoma (1979) researched and separated the styles of managing conflict. 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